[初二英语] Module 4 The natural elements Unit2 The wind is blowing

Module  4   The natural elements   Unit2  The wind is blowing

 

［教学过程］

重点词汇

anyone      bamboo       bow       colourful      disappointed     discuss

everyone      fable      frame       hold        howl      impatient

lean       sweat        paragraph        proud        shock      show off

slide        speed       strength        wrinkle       trick  

 

形容词与副词的比较级

　　大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1） 规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。

构成法　　　　　　原级　　　　　  比较级　　　最高级

一般单音节词　　　tall（高的）　　　taller　　　　tallest

末尾加-er,-est　　　great（巨大的）　　greater　　greatest

 

以不发音的e结尾　nice（好的）　　 nicer　　nicest

的单音节　        large（大的）　　larger　 largest

 

以- le结尾的双　able（有能力的） abler　　ablest

音节词只加-r,-st　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

 

以一个辅音字母　big（大的）　　　 bigger　 biggest

结尾的闭音节单　hot（热的）　　　　hotter　 hottest

音节词，双写结

尾的辅音字母，

再加-er，-est

 

“以辅音字母+y”　easy（容易的）　　easier　 easiest

结尾的双音节词，busy（忙的）　　　busier　 busiest

改y为i，再加-er，-est

 

少数以-er，-ow　clever（聪明的）　cleverer cleverest

结尾的双音节词　narrow（窄的）　　narrower narrowest

末尾加-er，-est　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　

 

其他双音节词和　important（重要的）　more important

多音节词，在前　　　　　　most important

面加more，most　　　　　　　　　　　

来构成比较级和　easily（容易地）

最高级　　　　more easily　　most easily 　　

 

2）不规则变化

　　　　原级　　　　　　比较级　　　最高级　　　　　　　　 　

　　good（好的）/　　　　better　　　　best

　　well（健康的）

　　bad （坏的）/　　　　worse　　　　worst

　　ill（有病的）

　　old （老的）　　　　older/elder　　　oldest/eldest　　　 　

　　much/many（多的）　more　　　　　most　　　　　　　　

　　little（少的）　　　　less　　　　　　least　　　　　　　　

　　far （远的）　　　　farther/further　　farthest/furthest　

 

as + 形容词或副词原级 + as

1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。

　　He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

　　 as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

　　 as + many/much +名词+as

　　 This is as good an example as the other is.

　　 I can carry as much paper as you can.

3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。

　　This room is twice as big as that one.

　　Your room is the same size as mine.　　

4）倍数+ as + adj. + as　<=> 倍数+ the + of

　　This bridge is three times as long as that one.

　　This bridge is three times the length of that one.

　　Your room is twice as large as mine.

　　Your room is twice the size of mine.

 

比较级形容词或副词 + than

    You are taller than I.

　　The lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

 

注意：

1）要避免重复使用比较级。

　　 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother.

　　 （对） He is more clever than his brother.

　　 （对） He is cleverer than his brother.

 

2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

　　 （错） China is larger that any country in Asia.

　　 （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

 

3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。

　　 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

　　 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

 

4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。

　　 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

　　　　 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

　　　　 She is taller than her two sisters.

　　　　 She is the taller of the two sisters.

 

可修饰比较级的词

1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

 

例题：

1）　---- Are you feeling ____?

　　     ---- Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well            B. any better          C. quite good         D. quite better　　

答案：B  any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better。

2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　

A. more          B. much more               C. much                D. more much

答案：C  much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。

3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time                     B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time                 D. a much happier time

答案：D

 

物主代词：

物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。

例：①This is my book.这是我的书。

②We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。

2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词   

为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式

例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.

可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.

Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine.

看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。

一览表

 

however可为复合关系副词。

（1）（引领让步从句）无论如何

However hard he may try, he cannot do it in a week.

（= No matter how hard he may try, …）

无论他怎样努力工作，也不能在一星期内做好。

however有时可表达“然而”、“可是”之意，出现于句中或句尾。

They said that it was so；they were mistaken，however.

他们说事情就是如此，可是他们错了。

 

系动词：

系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.　

他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He fell off the ladder.　

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery.　 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.　 他看起来很累。

He seems （to be） very sad.　 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.　这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.　这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如：

He became mad after that.　 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.　她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：

The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

 

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）

一、选择

1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.　

A. little two other          B. two little other

C. two other little          D. little other two

2. One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone                                 B. Chinese old stone　

C. old stone Chinese                                 D. Chinese stone old

3. ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny                                     B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few                                     D. few sunny last

4. The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America                                           B. one in America

C. America                                              D. that in America

5. After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many                                     B. as many twice

C. twice as many                                     D. twice many as

6. ____ good use you’ve made of your time to study , there’s still room for improvement.

A. Whatever                 B. However          C. Though                 D. That

 

二、阅读理解

（A）At the Barber's Shop（理发店）

Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, hewas not happy with the result（结果）. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed and said, “What has happened to your hair, Jack?”

Jack said, “I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied with my old one, but this one seems even worse.”

Bob agreed（同意）. “Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him.”

“Why shall I go to him?” Jack asked. “But that would be foolish!”

“Oh, no, it wouldn't,” answered Bob. “Who cut that man's hair? Just think it. He couldn't cut it himself, could he? Another of the barbers cut it. So you know he can't be the worst barber.”

1. When Jack went out of the barber's shop, he was not happy because ____.

A. nobody had cut his hair

B. the barber hadn't cut his hair well

C. the barber had cut his hair carefully

D. he was not satisfied with his old barber

2. “I tried a new barber's shop today.” means ____.

A. this barber's shop was a new one

B. this was the only barber's shop in this town

C. Jack often went to this barber's shop

D. Jack had not been to this barber's shop before

3. After Jack had his hair cut, he thought ____.

A. the new barber's shop was the best one

B. the old barber's shop wasn't so good as the new one

C. the new barber's shop was worse than the old one

D. the old barber's shop was the worst one

4. Bob told Jack to find out which barber's hair looked the worst and then go straight to him. Why?

A. Because he was certainly the best barber.

B. Because he was free all the time.

C. Because he was the worst barber.

D. Because he wasn't the worst barber.    

5. From the story we know that ____.

A. it's foolish to have one's hair cut at a barber's shop

B. barbers cut each other's hair

C. barbers never have their hair cut

D. a barber always cuts his hair by himself

 

（B）Mr Perkin's New Car

Mr Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by. Many of the cars were new Beta 400s, and most of them were yellow. Mr Perkin always wore the same clothes as other men, ate the same food as other people, and did the same things after work, and at the end of the week, Mr Perkin did not like to be different.

The following week, Mr Perkin bought a new, bright yellow Beta 400s. He was satisfied with it, and drove to work in it the very next day. He was even more satisfied with his new car, when he saw all the other Beta 400s, in front, behind, and on both sides of him.

Mr Perkin parked（停车） his car in a big car-park（停车场） near his office, and walked the rest of the way. But when he came back at five o'clock, there were so many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know which car was his. He tried his key in some of the cars, but people passing by gave him a look he didn't like. So he stopped.

Poor Mr Perkin had to wait nearly two hours until his was the only yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

1. Mr Perkin wanted a new yellow Beta 400s because

A. the bus did not come.

B. he liked new clothes, food and cars.

C. he liked to do the same as other people.

D. he liked to be different from others.

2. He drove to work in his new car

A. the very next day.                  

B. the day he bought it.

C. a week he bought in.

D. on the day he first watched the cars passing.

3. He was satisfied with his new car because

A. no one else had a yellow one.

B. it was the same as other cars all around him.

C. he was in front of all the other cars.

D. other cars were not as bright as his.

4. At five o'clock Mr Perkin

A. walked home.

B. drove his car out of the car-park.

C. came back to the car-park.

D. did not know which was his car-park.

5. People gave him a look because

A. he had a nice new car.

B. he could not open the door of his car.

C. he was in the wrong car-park.

D. he was trying to open more than one car.

6. Mr Perkin had to wait until

A. there was only one yellow Beta 400s in the car-park.

B. there was only one car in the car-park.

C. there were no bright yellow cars in the car-park.

D. there was no one about to look at him

 

 

【试题答案】

一、选择

1. 答案：C  由“限定词—数词—描绘词—（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）—性质—名词”的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。

2. 答案A  几个形容词修饰一个名词，它们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3. 答案：B  本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后。

4. 答案：D  本题意为“中国的天气与美国的不同。”比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。

5. 答案：C  此句意为“这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍”。表示倍数用“倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象”的句型。所以此句答案为C。

例：This ruler is three times as long as that one.

6. 答案：B

二、阅读理解

（A）1. B          2. D        3. C        4. D        5. B

（B）1. C          2. A        3. B        4. D        5. D        6. A

责编：陈喆