[初三英语]名师点拨 unit11

学科：英语
 
教学内容：Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
 

 

直击课标要求

1． 语言目标

Ask for information politely

2． 重点词汇

restroom  drugstore  main  escalator  furniture  exchange  hang  fresh  slide  clown  adventure  wrap  hero  monkey  king  journey  brave  trick  demon  period  AD  battle  powerful  political  force  foreign  beauty  heart  hunter  slam  dunk  crime  imagination  plain  creativity  look

department store  furniture store  hang out  water slide  dress up  no longer  Monkey King  The Three Kingdoms

3． 关键句型

Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

Take the elevator to the second floor.

Turn left.

The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.

Go past the bank.

Do you know where I can exchange money?

The Bank is next to the bookstore.

Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

Parents will spend many happy hours walking through the History Museum.

I’ve been collecting them for many years.

4． 语法

问路和指路

祈使句

课前学习提示

一、词汇

1． exchange [iks′t eind ] vt. 交换，交流，交易，兑换；作不及物动词用表示“调换岗位”；它还可作名词用。

【例】（1）The two girls exchanged seats.

 这两个女生调换了座位。

（2）Again she exchanged words with her neighbour.

 她又同邻居吵架了。

（3）They exchanged U. S. dollars for Francs.

 他们把美元换成了法郎。

（4）Lucy exchanged from Class Three into Class Two.

 露西从三班调到了二班。

（5）We had a frank exchange of views.

 我们坦率地交换了意见。

（6）She gave him a valuable stamp and received a song book in exchange.

 她给他一张珍贵的邮票，换来一本歌曲集。

 2． hang[h n ] vt. & vi. 悬挂，垂下，徘徊，悬而不决，它的过去式、过去分词是hung，hung或hanged，hanged。hang不可作“吊死，绞死”用，其过去式和过去分词是hanged，hanged。另外hang可作名词用，表示“要点，诀窍”。

【例】（1）She hung her husband’s portrait on the wall.

 她把丈夫的肖像挂在墙上。

（2）The window was hung with green curtains.

 窗上挂着绿色窗帘。

（3）Long tassels hung down to the floor.

 长长的缨子垂到地面。

（4）The decision is still hanging.

 尚未做出决定。

（5）The man was hanged in 1947．

 那人一九四七年被绞死了。

（6）He believes he’s got the hang of driving.

 他自信已领会了开车的要领。

（7）I don’t get the hang of his remarks.

 我不明白他讲话的要点。

 3． fresh [fre ] adj. 新鲜的，新的，无经验的，清新的，精神饱满的等。

【例】（1）He doesn’t want to speak as he is still fresh here.

 他新到这里，所以不想发言。

（2）The brilliant performance are still fresh in people’s memory.

 那次精彩的演出人们记忆犹新。

（3）I prefer fresh pork to bacon.

 我宁愿吃鲜猪肉，不愿吃腊肉。

（4）She is a fresh hand at the job.

 她做这项工作还是新手。

（5）Open the window and let in some fresh air.

 打开窗户放些新鲜空气进来。

（6）He felt exhausted while the children remained fresh.

 他感到精疲力竭，而孩子们却是精神饱满。

4． slide [slaid] vi & vt. 滑动，不知不觉地陷入，把……偷偷放入。它的过去式，过去分词是slid，slid（slidden）。

【例】（1）The boy hurt his hand when sliding on the ice.

这男孩溜冰时把手跌伤了。

（2）The chopsticks slid from her hand.

筷子从她手中滑落。

（3）He slid into the classroom while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.

 当老师在黑板上写字时，他偷偷地溜进教室。

（4）He slid the money into his pocket.

 他把钱偷偷放进衣袋里。

 5． trick [trik] vt. 哄骗，打扮；n. 诡计，骗局，谋略，恶作剧，窍门，习惯等。

【例】（1）He tried to trick me into gambling with him.

 他想哄骗我同他赌博。

（5）It didn’t take him long to learn the tricks of the trade.

他不久就学会了这一行业的窍门。

（6）She has a trick of stroking her hair at the temple before speaking.

她有个说话先理头发的习惯。

6．battle [′b tl] n.战争，战役，胜利。可作不及物动词用，表示“作战，斗争”。

【例】（1）Her son fell in battle.

她儿子在战斗中牺牲了。

（2）We must fight to win the battle.

我们必须打赢这一仗。

（3）The battle is to the brave and righteous.

胜利属于勇敢和正直的人。

（4）We are all courageous to battle against all difficulties.

我们都勇于和一切困难作斗争。

7．force [f s] n.力量，强力，暴力，效力，要领，势力，威力，（常复）部队；作及物动词用的意思是：“强迫，加快，催育，勉强作战，强攻”等。

【例】（1）He took the money from her by force.

他强行夺走她的钱。

（2）The force of gravity is with us all the time, though we may not feel it.

地球引力无时无刻不存在，尽管我们可能感觉不到它。

（3）The new law will come into force with the new year.

新法律将自元旦起生效。

（4）He improved the quality of work in his department by force of example.

他以身作则带动他那个部门提高了工作质量。

（5）He forced his way through a crowd．

他从人群中挤了过去。

（6）You will not be able to finish the work in time if you don’t force your pace.

你们如不加快进度，是不能按时完成这项工作的。

（7）The plants have been forced in a hot house.

这些花木是在温室里催育的。

（8）He forced a smile before answering my question.

他勉强笑了笑，然后回答我的问题。

8．look [luk] n.看，模样，神态，外貌，美貌，面容。它作动词用含义较多。作不及物动词意思是：“看，好像，显得”；作及物动词意思是：“看，打量，期待”。

【例】（1）Let me have a look at the book.

让我看看那本书。

（2）The man put on a serious look.

这人摆出一副严肃的样子。

（3）China’s foreign trade has assumed a new look.

中国的外贸出现了新局面。

（4）You often judge a man by his looks, don’t you?

你经常以貌取人，不是吗？

（5）She doesn’t look her age.

她看起来没有那么大岁数。

（6）He looked the stranger up and down.

他仔细打量这个陌生人。

二、交际用语

1．询问路或某一场所

Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

Do you know where I can exchange money?

Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

Could you please tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown?

2．指引道路或某一场所

There’s a bookstore on River Road．

Take the elevator to the second floor.

Turn left.

Turn right.

Go past the bank.

The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore.

The bank is next to the bookstore.

Go out the front door and take a right.

Walk about three blocks.

Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street.

三、语法

1．问路或指引道路

1）问路的句型

Would you please tell me where…?

Will you tell me how to get to…?

Could you tell me the way to…?

Can you tell me which is the way to…?

 

 

2）指引道路的句型。

Go along…, and turn right at…

Walk down… and turn left…

Go straight to… and cross…

You can take No. 10 bus, it’ll take you right there.

2．祈使句

祈使句我们在前面已经学过，这里不再重述，只是把要特别注意的几点简单述说一下。

1）祈使句的否定结构是在前面加don’t，有时也用never，但let’s的否定式是把not放其后。

 

【例】（1）Don’t trouble to come over yourself.

你不必费神亲自过来。

（2）Never forget to lock the door.

不要忘了锁门。

（3）Let’s not waste our time arguing about it.

咱们别浪费时间争论这件事了。

2）有时为指明向谁提出请求或命令，也可加上主语或呼语。

【例】（1）Somebody fetch a basin of water.

谁去打盆水来。

（2）Come in, everybody!

大家都进来！

3）有时主语提出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴、厌烦”等。

【例】（1）You be quiet.

你给我安静点。

（2）You mind your own business!  Mind your own business, you!

你少管闲事。

4）祈使句的谓语有时也用进行形式。

【例】Don’t be standing in the rain.

别站在雨里了。

5）祈使句构成反意疑问句时，通常用will you（won’t），以let’s开头的句子用shall we（shan’t we）。

【例】（1）Have a little more coffee, will you?

再喝一点咖啡，好吗？

（2）Let’s meet at station, shall we?

我们在火车站碰头，行吗？

点拨重点难点

1．能熟练应用询问道路及地点的句型，能正确给别人指明道路和地点场所。

2．能应用祈使句，尤其是其构成的反意疑问句。

3．本单元出现的常用词语，如：main, exchange, fresh, hang, trick以及dress up, no longer等。

4．现在完成进行时以及not only…but also…和both…and…等的用法。

5．了解卡通文化对我国的影响以及卡通片的发展历史。外国的卡通片给我们国民，尤其是青少年带来些什么。

拓展发散思维

发散思维分析

1．Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

请你告诉我厕所在哪儿好吗？

Could you…？是个句型，could在此不是过去形式，它此时表示语气婉转、有礼貌。在希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，以及在含有表示建议、请求和征求意见语气的疑问句中，常用some和something，而不用any和anything。

【例】（1）Could you lend me your motorbike, please?

请把你的摩托车借给我好吗？

（2）Could you tell me something about yourself.

请谈谈你自己好吗？

（3）Would you like to have some apples?

你们要吃苹果吗？

（4）What about saying something about your school?

说说你学校的情况好吗？

（5）Will you please give the poor boy something to eat?

请给那可怜的孩子一点吃的东西好吗？

2．Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?

请你告诉我在哪儿能买到字典好吗？

Can you please tell…，是个句型，它后面可跟宾语从句，也可跟不定式结构。can可换成could, would, will。

【例】（1）Could you please tell me where we show our tickets?

请告诉我我们在哪儿验票好吗？

（2）Would you tell me how much it costs to fly to Canada?

你能告诉我乘飞机去加拿大要多少钱吗？

（3）Will you tell me when we will have a meeting?

请告诉我我们什么时候开会好吗？

（4）Can you tell me who the old man is?

你能告诉我那位老人是谁吗？

（5）Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？

（6）Can you tell me what to do next?

你能告诉我下一步怎么做吗？

3．Take the elevator to the second floor.

乘电梯上二楼。

take在此表示“搭、乘”的意思。

【例】（1）He told me to take an express.

他叫我搭乘特别快车。

（2）She takes a bus to work every day.

她每天乘公共汽车上班。

4．The bank is next to the bookstore.

银行在书店的隔壁。

next to是“贴近，隔壁”的意思。

【例】（1）The house standing next to ours is a cinema.

我们隔壁的那幢房子是一家电影院。

（2）Who is crying in the room next to mine?

谁在我隔壁房间里哭？

5．There’s always something happening.

总会有事发生。

happening是现在分词作定语，当然过去分词也可作定语。

【例】（1）We can see the rising sun.

我们可以看到东升的旭日。

（2）He is a retired worker.

他是位退休工人。

（3）There was a girl sitting there.

有个女孩坐在那里。

（4）This is the question given.

这是所给的问题。

（5）There is nothing interesting.

没有有趣的东西。

6．….where the food is both delicious and cheap.

食品既好吃又便宜。

both…and…是并列连词，当它连接两个主语时，谓语要用复数。

【例】（1）Both my father and mother like singing.

我父母都喜欢唱歌。

（2）A man should have both courage and perseverance.

一个人既应有勇气也要有毅力。

（3）We must pay attention both to English and to other subjects.

我们应对英语和其他学科都重视。

7．I live right next to a supermarket.

我就住在超市的隔壁。

right在此起到强调的作用，它是副词，含义很多，如：“对，顺利，直接地，正好，完全，非常”等。

【例】（1）You have guessed right.

你猜对了。

（2）Everything will go right with you if you follow the doctor’s advice.

如果你照医生的建议去做，一切都会好的。

（3）The wind was right in the face.

风迎面吹来。

（4）They placed the table right in the middle of the room.

他们把桌子放在房间正中。

（5）He has read right through the book.

他把这本书全部读完了。

（6）I am right glad to hear the news.

听到这个消息我非常高兴。

8．I’ve been collecting them for many years.

多年来我一直在收集他们（邮票）。

本句是个现在完成进行时的句子，表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍然在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。

【例】（1）How long has it been raining?

雨下多久了？

（2）We’ve just been talking about you.

我们正谈着你呢。

（3）What book have you been reading these days?

这几天你在看什么书？

（4）I’ve been hoping I’d have chance to see the film.

我一直盼望有机会看这部电影。

9．What kind of food are you looking for?

你在找哪种食品？

look for是个短语，强调“寻找”这一动作，而find则强调找的结果，表示“找到”；类似的词语还有hear和listen to。

【例】（1）The young lady is looking for her pet dog.

那位年轻的女士在找她的宠物狗。

（2）He has found his lost bike.

他已找到丢失的自行车了。

（3）They are listening to a piece of beautiful music．

他们正听一曲优美的曲子。

（4）He heard their whisper.

他听见他们在低声说话。

10．Cartoons are no longer just for kids.

卡通片不再仅仅是为了孩子。

no longer不再，我们前面已述说过，不再重述它的作用，只注意它与not…any longer在位置的不同，与no more（not…any more）的区别请看前面。

【例】（1）Hefei today is no longer the Hefei of the past.

今日之合肥不再是旧日之合肥了。

（2）I can’t wait any longer.

我不能再等了。

（3）She refused to remain silent any longer.

她不愿再保持缄默了。

11．People also became interested in foreign cartoons.

人们也对外国的卡通片感兴趣。

be (become) interested in 是个固定的搭配，表示“对……感兴趣”。

【例】（1）She is not interested in sports.

她对体育运动不感兴趣。

（2）The boy becomes interested in playing football.

那男孩对踢足球感兴趣。

（3）Some of you students aren’t interested in English.

一些学生对英语不感兴趣。

发散思维应用

典型例题1

Excuse me!  Would you please tell me       ?

A． where is the No.1 Middle School

B． the No.1 Middle School is where

C． the No.1 Middle School where is

D． where the No.1 Middle School is

解析  答案：D  本题是日常生活中问路的一种表达方式，重点是宾语从句，宾语从句应注意时态、语序和引导词三个问题，即主、从句时态的呼应，引导词在从句中的作用以及从句的陈述语序，本题中还应注意专用名词的大小写等，依据上述要求只有D符号，故D是正确答案。

典型例题2

将下列句子改为被动语态

He gave me a new watch.

 

凡含双宾语的句子改为被动语态时，多数是将主动句中的间接宾语改为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语，但也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前需加介词to或for。

【题型发散】

发散1  选择填空题

（    ）1．There’s a bookstore        the third floor.

A． on

B． at

C． in

D． about

（    ）2．Do you know        I can buy this kind of sweets?

A． which

B． where

C． what

D． who

（    ）3．I prefer        outside.

A． be

B． to being

C． being

D． been

（    ）4．When she goes into stores she always spends        money.

A． much too

B． little too

C． many too

D． too much

（    ）5．This character seems        someone real .

A． like

B． to like

C． liking

D． likes

解析  答案：1．A  本题是表示在某层楼上，通常用介词on。

2．B  本题主要是考查宾语从句的引导词，根据句意引导词在从句中作状语，那么只能选where了。

3．C  prefer是及物动词，它后可跟名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语，根据提供的答案，只能选being。

4．D  这里主要是不可数名词的修饰语，根据句义，花太多的钱，那就只能选too much。

5．A  根据句义，似乎像……，那这里不能使用不定式，只能用介词like，表示“像……”。

发散2  将下列短语译成英语

 

1．在二楼上        
 2．向右转      
 
3．吃东西的地方        
 4．闲荡      
 
5．打扮        
 6．《三国演义》      
 

 

解析  答案：1．on the second floor  2．turn right  3．a place to eat  4．hang out  5．dress up  6．The Three Kingdoms

 

【正误发散】

下列各句均有一处错，请找出

（　　）1．This kind of buses make in Hefei.

　　　　　　　A　　　　B　　C　　D

（　　）2．Do you think these books are made from paper?

　　　　　　　　A　　　　B　　　C　　　　D

（　　）3．There are four Germen in our school.

　　　　　　　A　　　　　B　 C　D

（　　）4．Half of the books is written in English.

　　　　　　A　　　　 B　C　　　D

（　　）5．My mother cooked when I knocked at the door.

　　　　　　　　　　　　A　　B　　C　　D

（　　）6．You can get the keys of the test paper from our teacher.

　　　　　　　　A　　　　　 B　　　C　　　D

 

解析  答案：1．C  此句主语不能发出动作，因此要用被动语态，is made。

2．D  be made from由……制成，看不出原材料，这里纸制成书，应用of。

3．B  德国人的复数形式是Germans。

4．C  分数加名词构成短语时，视其后面的名词而定，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，此处应用are。

5．A  从句的动作发生时主句的动作在进行中，应用进行时态，根据时间，此主句用过去进行时was cooking。

6．B  表示什么的答案或什么门的钥匙时，英语用key to形式。

 

【词义发散】

根据句意，指出划线部分的确切含义，将序号填入题前括号内

（    ）1．Do you know when the plane will land．

A．陆地

B．着陆

C．起飞

D．呆在原地

（    ）2．Bill borrowed the bike form Kate. He soon returned it to her.

A．回来

B．返回

C．续借

D．归还

（    ）3．The old man passed away yesterday evening.

A．走开

B．递给

C．去世

D．动身出发

（    ）4．The young man can’t see clearly without glasses.

A．眼镜

B．玻璃杯

C．玻璃

D．玻璃制品

（    ）5．There is a tall building by the river.

A．被、由

B．乘

C．在……旁边

D．最迟在

解析  答案：1．B  指飞机降落。

2．D  根据句意，先借了东西，后面指归还。

3．C  指老人死了。

4．A  本句含义是看不清，所以需要眼镜

5．C  by是多义词，在此表示位置。

【词形发散】

用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Computers are        (wide) used in the world．

2．        (travel) also use computers.

3．Five        (American) have arrived here.

4．I think Chinese is very        (use), too.

5．Edison was a great American        (invent).

6．The students don’t know the        (different) between the two sentences.

解析  答案：1．widely  在此处作状语。

2．Travellers  这里需要主语，故用名词且要用复数。

3．Americans  五个美国人，应用复数形式。

4．useful  非常有用，需要形容词。

5．inventor  发明家，在invent后加or。

6．difference  指两者之间的不同点，故用名词。

【综合发散】

完形填空

At half   1   five, Mrs Black heard her husband park the car   2   the house and went out to speak to him right away.

“What’s wrong with you? ” he asked. “You look worried.” “I have   3   a terrible mistake, dear,” she said. “Mrs Smith called me half   4   hour ago. We got talking and then   5   thinking, I asked her and her husband to come to have dinner   6   us this evening.”

“Well, that’s   7   to be worried about,” Mr Black said. “We will have a pleasant   8  . We haven’t seen the   9   for a long time.” “I’d like them   10  ,” Mrs Black answered.． “But I’ve just   11    there is almost not any food at home. You didn’t remember   12   some. I asked you to get some     13      your way home from work three days ago.”

“Some food? ” Mr Black said. “Oh, my dear, yes, I   14   now. I did buy some. It’s in the car. It’s been there for the   15   three days.”

 

（　）1．A．past
 B．passed
 C．to
 D．at
 
（　）2．A．in
 B．inside
 C．outside
 D．on
 
（　）3．A．had
 B．made
 C．got
 D．received
 
（　）4．A．past
 B．to
 C．the
 D．an
 
（　）5．A．with
 B．out of
 C．for
 D．without
 
（　）6．A．with
 B．for
 C．without
 D．out of
 
（　）7．A．nothing
 B．everything
 C．anything
 D．something
 
（　）8．A．hour
 B．day
 C．evening
 D．week
 
（　）9．A．wife
 B．husband
 C．Smiths
 D．friend
 
（　）10．A．came
 B．to come
 C．come
 D．coming
 
（　）11．A．finded
 B．founded
 C．found
 D．know
 
（　）12．A．to buy
 B．bought
 C．buying
 D．buys
 
（　）13．A．in
 B．on
 C．to
 D．above
 
（　）14．A．remembered
 B．forget
 C．remember
 D．remembering
 
（　）15． A．past
 B．/
 C．pass
 D．future
 

 

解析  答案：1．A  表示几点半用past，超过半用to。

2．C  车应停在房子外面。

3．B  犯错用make a mistake。

4．D  半小时用half an hour。

5．D  根据上下文含义，此处指没有思考。

6．A  与某人一起用with。

7．A  丈夫认为请人吃饭是件愉快的事，所以此处指没有什么可担忧的。

8．C  这里指朋友来访，我们会度过一个愉快的夜晚。

9．C  这里指很长时间没有见到他们夫妇，不是他们中的某一位。

10．B  乐意某人做某事，这里要用不定式。

11．C  find是不规则动词，过去分词是found。

12．A  remember后跟不定式表示记住该要做的事。

13．B  在什么的路上用on。

14．C  现在记起来了用一般现在时态。

15．A  指到现在为止过去的三天。

 

单元小结

本单元是围绕“Ask for information politely”为主线开展教与学的活动的，在学习常用和重点词语的基础上，着重学习了问题和指引道路及场所的表达方式；进一步复习了祈使句，进而学习了一些重点句型和日常交际用语以及并列连词both…and和not only…but also等。本单元还出现了现在完成进行时态。此外还学习了一些同义、近义词，介绍了卡通片对青少年的教育作用以及外国卡通片对中国文化和中国青少年的影响。通过本单元的学习，要求能熟练表述问路、指引道路或场所，对卡通片的正、反面的作用和影响要有充分的认识，从而从中学到好的东西。

 

知识网络建构

1．分词作后置定语

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。

1）如动词所表示的动作是所修饰的词发出的，即所修饰的词和动词是主动关系，则用现在分词。

【例】a man standing there

a girl wearing glasses

There’s a fire burning in the fireplace.

He heard the sound of children playing in the park.

2）若动作不是所修饰的词发出，而是由别人做的，即所修饰名词和动词是被动关系，则用过去分词，动作的执行者常由by引出。

【例】a book written by Luxun

the newspapers sold on trains

Remember to water the vegetables grown by the farmers.

Who wrote the book borrowed by your sister?

2．副词修饰谓语动词时的位置

1）一般放在句子末尾。

【例】The pen writes well.

He speaks English fluently.

2）有时为了强调，可放在句首。

【例】Finally we won the victory.

First we must prepare the text well before class.

3）大多数单个副词在不需要强调时，可以放在be或助动词之后、实义动词之前。

【例】There is always some lightening when it thunders.

We usually play basketball in the afternoon.

3．同位语

同位语也是一种名词修饰语。所谓同位，是指一个语言项目与另一语言项目（通常是名词或名词词组）齐列，后一个项目对前一个项目起修饰或细节描绘的作用。

1）同位语通常位于与之同位的名词之后，有时也可位于其前。

【例】Do you kids, have any ideas?

2）同位语通常用逗号与其所修饰的名词（或名词词组）隔开，有时也可用破折号和冒号。

【例】Half an hour later, the second diver returned with the same report-nothing.

一般来说，用逗号通常表示普通的同位关系；用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。

【例】I want very much to read these new novels: especially the one you mentioned．

 

新课标新中考

1．常用的重点词语，如main, hang, fresh, trick以及短语hang out, dress up, no longer等。

2．问路和指引道路的句型和表达方式。

3．祈使句及其所构成的反意疑问句。

4．并列连词not only…but also…和both…and…的用法。

5．卡通片的发展史以及外国卡通片对中国文化和青少年的影响。

 

新题型新导向

【例1】If H2 burns in O2, we can get       .

A．H2

B．H2O

C．O2

D．H2O2

(2003年南京市中考题)

赏析  答案：B  本题主要是学科渗透题，考查学生的化学知识，只要知H2与O2燃烧生成什么就行。

【例2】—What would you like to drink, girls?

—      , please.

A． Two cup of coffee

B． Two cups of coffees

C． Two cups of coffee

D． Two cup of coffees

（2003年黄冈市中考题）

赏析  答案：C  本题主要考查“数量”与不可数名词的关系。不可数名词不能加复数，B、D两答案是错的，两杯咖啡的杯是可数名词，这样应在“量”上加复数，所以A也不对，只有C是正确答案，其表示法为数词加“量词”加of再加不可数名词。

【例3】区别interesting和interested的用法。

在某些表示人们感情的词后面加ed表示“感到……”，指人。加ing表示“令人感到……”，一般指事物。

【例】（1）Football is really interesting. People all over the world are interested in it.

足球确实令人感兴趣，全世界的人都对足球感兴趣。（interesting说的是football的情况，interested说的是people的情况）

（2）I found him interested in the story. He found the story interesting.

我发现他对这个故事很感兴趣。他觉得这个故事很有趣。（两词都作宾语补足语，interested说的是宾语him的情况，interesting说的是宾语story的情况）

（3）He was surprised to hear the surprising result.

听到这个令人惊讶的结果，他惊奇不已。

（4）She was pleased at the pleasing news.

听了那令人喜悦的消息后她兴奋不已。

【例4】pleasant, pleasing, pleased, glad, happy, cheerful, merry, gay, jolly, joyful（joyous）的用法。

pleasant“令人愉快的”，用于将快乐给予他人的场合。pleasing“讨人喜欢的，令人喜爱的”。pleased“高兴的”，用于自己喜悦的场合，语气比glad弱些。glad“高兴的”，指一时的、强烈的喜乐而言，比pleased表示较强的、较为短暂的喜悦感情，一般用作表语。happy“高兴的、快乐的、幸福的”，在表示“高兴”时与glad可通用，表示特定时刻一个人喜悦的感觉，但happy还可解释为“幸福的”。cheerful“愉快的”，常指乐观、愉快的心情的自然流露，着重内在的愉快，兼指事物令人愉快。merry“愉快的”，比cheerful表示更强烈的感情，含有“愉快地笑，笑闹或微醉的特别喜乐”的意味，大抵上可以说cheerful指心的常态，而merry指精神暂时高涨。gay“快活的，愉快的”，含有“无忧无虑而快乐、活泼”的意味。jolly“愉快的，快乐的，宜人的”，口语用，意为充满快乐与喜悦的神情，例如说，愉快的人、时、地、笑声、欢乐声等。joyful（joyous）“愉快的，快乐的”，有“充满欢乐，兴高采烈”或“令人欢欣”的含义，指充满欢乐的状态，用于人时，指意气洋洋的神情。

【例】（1）The music is pleasant to the ear.

乐声悦耳。

（2）He is a pleasing young man with pleasing manners.

他是个有着令人喜爱的举止的讨人喜欢的年轻人。

（3）I shall be pleased to go there.

我将很高兴地去那儿。

（4）I am glad you are pleased with my little present.

我很高兴你对我的小礼物感到满意。

（5）The news made her very happy.

这消息使她非常幸福（快乐）。

（6）He always looks cheerful.

他总是显得快乐。

（7）Wish you a merry Christmas!

祝你圣诞快乐！

 

【同步达纲练习】

巩固基础训练

Ⅰ．根据首字母和英文解释写出单词

1．h       fix sth. from above so that the lower part fall freely.

2．j        a trip of some distance, usually by land.

3．f       of, in or from another country.

4．h       the organ inside the chest that controls the flow of blood by pumping it through the blood vessels.

5．m       metal coins and paper bank notes.

6．m       the pleasant sounds that pianos, drums, etc. or singing voices etc.  make.

7．b       get in return from money.

8．s       a small piece of paper that you stick on to a letter, etc. to show how much you have paid to send it.

Ⅱ．选择填空

（    ）1．Our school is        the beautiful garden.

A． next to

B． far away

C． near to

D． away from

（    ）2．Will you tell me        I        my backpack?

A． where, can put

B． where can, put

C． what, can put

D． what, put

（    ）3．It’s also just fun        the students.

A． watching

B． to watch

C． watching

D． is watching

（    ）4．I like to go        the music store and listen        CDs.

A． to, in

B． in, to

C． for, to

D． into, for

（    ）5．Is that a good place        ?

A． hanged out

B． to hang on

C． to hang out

D． hanged on

（    ）6．The Yellow Mountain is a great place        the family to        a vacation.

A． for, pay

B． of, take

C． for, take

D． to, spend

（    ）7．There’s also        for children in the park.

A． a lot of

B． lots of

C． a lots

D． a lot

（    ）8．All the boys screamed        jealousy.

A． of

B． to

C． about

D． with

（    ）9．He often makes big plans that never        .

A． happen

B． to happen

C． happening

D． to happening

（    ）10．The boys have        the stamps for two years.

A． been collected

B． been collecting

C． to collected

D． collecting

Ⅲ．根据句意，用括号中的动词的主动或被动语态完成句子

1．A radio may         (use) for listening to the news and music．

We may        (use) a radio to listen to the news and music．

2．Farmers        (grow) cotton in every part of the country.

Cotton        (grow) in every part of the country.

3．Many science books        (buy) for the library last week.

They        (buy) many science books for the library last week.

4．These clothes        (wash) last Sunday.

Who        (wash) these clothes last Sunday?

5．In the first class we        (remember) 100 English words in an hour.

One hundred English words        (remember) in an hour in the first class.

Ⅳ．下列各句在A、B、C、D处存在一错，请指出

（    ）1．The family is watching TV now.

　　　　　　　A　　 B　　C　　　 D

（    ）2．He did his homework when I came to see him.

　　　　　　　 A　　　　B　　C　　　　D

（    ）3．Which do you like better, pears, apples or oranges?

　　　　　　　A　B　　　　 C　　　　　　　　　D

（    ）4．What kind girl she is!

　　　　　　A　　　　B C　D

（    ）5．Do you understand that he said?

　　　　　　A　　　　B　　 C　　 D

Ⅴ．情景对话，根据图示完成下列对话

A：Excuse me. Can you help me?  I’m   1   for the post office.

B：  2  , I’m new here. You may ask that policeman.

A：Excuse me. Which is the   3   to the post office?

P：Go   4   Red Star Road, and   5   the second turning on the   6  , go across the   7  and walk on, then turn  8   at the second crossing. You’ll find it at the   9   of the road. It’s next to the   10  . You can’t miss it.

A：Thank you very much.

P：It’s a pleasure.

 

1．       
 2．       
 3．       
 4．       
 5．      
 
6．       
 7．       
 8．       
 9．       
 10．      
 

 

 

提高能力测试

Ⅰ．根据汉语完成下列各句

1．请告诉我怎样才能到达火车站好吗？

Could you please tell me                             the station?

2．他不但喜欢看电视，而且喜欢看电影。

He enjoys not only        TV, but               movies.

3．许多年轻人显示对卡通片有兴趣。

Many young adults                             cartoons.

4．学习英国历史是很重要的。

It’s important                      history        England.

5．这位女士既和蔼又漂亮。

This lady is                      beautiful.

Ⅱ.选择一个与划线部分意思相同的选项

（    ）1．—Let’s go to see a film.

—All right.

A． I’m fine

B． Sorry

C．OK

D． Bye

（    ）2．The shop is closed at this time of day.

A． found

B． not open

C． shown

D． broken

（    ）3．Is Bill in?

A． at home

B． out

C． away

D． over

（    ）4．She is busy. She has much homework to do.

A． many

B． a lot of

C． a little

D． a few

（    ）5．Stop talking. The teacher is coming.

A． Be quiet

B． Go on talking

C． Please talk

D． Let’s talk

Ⅲ．完型填空

Look at the diagram. It   1   something of home computers used by a group of young people.

We asked thirty young people   2   fourteen and eighteen. We asked them how much   3  they usually spent on their computers in a week, but we   4   most interested in   5   they used their computers for.

The usual time spent on a computer in a week was about twelve hours, with   6   user about thirty-two hours, and the lowest user only five hours.

All the children said they usually used computers   7  . Fourteen children told us they did some wordprocessing（文字处理）  8  . Only two of them said computers   9   their lessons, and eight people told us they kept addresses and phone numbers on their computers or used   10   as diaries. Only three people said they were learning to make computer programmes and nobody looked up databases（数据库）.None of them used computers for any   11   use.

The   12   show that computer use is quite high among 14～18 years old. They also show quite clearly that computers   13   by most young people as little more than game machines. The only other great uses are for word-processing and keeping address lists.   14  , though computers are common in the homes of young people, they have not yet become   15   in everyday life.

 

（　）1．A．shows
 B．says
 C．writes
 D．gives
 
（　）2．A．among
 B．between
 C．from
 D．about
 
（　）3．A．hours
 B．money
 C．time
 D．/
 
（　）4．A．is
 B．was
 C．are
 D．were
 
（　）5．A．what
 B．why
 C．how
 D．whether
 
（　）6．A．high
 B．higher
 C．the higher
 D．the highest
 
（　）7．A．to read
 B．reading
 C．to play games
 D．playing games
 
（　）8．A．at times
 B．as usual
 C．in the end
 D．all the time
 
（　）9．A．found out
 B．worked at
 C．helped with
 D．looked over
 
（　）10．A．theirs
 B．them
 C．its
 D．it
 
（　）11．A．another
 B．other
 C．the other
 D．others
 
（　）12．A．ways
 B．questions
 C．reports
 D．results
 
（　）13．A．are seen
 B．have seen
 C．will be seen
 D．see
 
（　）14．A．More or less
 B．From now on
 C．By the way
 D．It seems to us that
 
（　）15．A．wonderful
 B．popular
 C．useful
 D．expensive
 

 

Ⅳ．阅读理解

A good dictionary is an important tool. It will tell you not only what a word means but also how it is used. A dictionary needs to be printed again about every ten years. A good dictionary must show language development.

A new English dictionary will tell you how most people use the language today. It will not tell you what is right or wrong. It may tell the right time to use a word. If only a few people use a word, a dictionary will either tell you this or not list（编列）it.

Every dictionary will tell you many interesting facts. If you type a word and the word is too long, look it up in your dictionary. All dictionaries show you where to break a word. And they also show you how a word is spoken.

Every dictionary, of course, tells you what a word means. But some words, like “get” or “take”, may have a lot of meanings. In some dictionaries, the main meanings are often listed first. In others, the newest meanings are listed last. So before you use your dictionary, you should always read the front part. This part tells you how to use it.

Some dictionaries also show you where a word comes from. Do you know that the word “brand（标记）” comes from an old word?  This old word means “to burn”. This is because hundreds of years ago people burned their names on tables or boats to show who made them. They also burned their own names on their farm animals so that they would not be stolen.

Your dictionary also has a lot of other interesting facts in it. After you have learned to use a dictionary, it can become your most useful book.

 

（    ）1．A good dictionary       .

A． is a tool only to help you to look up new words

B． is a tool only to help you to know how to use it

C． takes you about ten years to print

D． needs to show language development

（    ）2．If you have a new English dictionary, you will know       .

A． what word is right or wrong

B． what time to use your dictionary

C． how most people use the English language today

D． how a few people use the English words today

（    ）3．If you have a good English dictionary, it       .

A． can tell you a few meanings of each English word

B． can tell you both the main and the newest meanings of English words

C． tells you how to list the English words

D． tells you what English words must be listed first

（    ）4．Some dictionaries help you to know       .

A． where some words come from

B． how people “burned” names on tables

C． how the farm animals were stolen hundreds of years ago.

D． what the old words meant

（     ）5．The best title（标题）of the passage may be       .

A． Take Care of Your Dictionary

B． A Dictionary

C． The Best Book

D． How to Use a Dictionary

Ⅴ．书面表达

根据文字提示以“做一个可爱的中国人”为话题，写一篇词数不少于60字的短文。

1．Why should we be lovely Chinese?

2．What should or shouldn’t a lovely Chinese do?

3．How are you going to be a lovely Chinese?

 

【同步达纲练习】

巩固基础训练

Ⅰ.  1． hang  2． journey   3． foreign   4． heart  5． money   6． music  7． buy  8． stamp

Ⅱ.  1． A  2． A  3． B   4． B   5． C  6． C   7． D   8． D  9． A   10． B

Ⅲ.  1． be used, use   2． grow, is grown   3． were bought, bought 4． were washed, washed 5． remembered, were remembered 

Ⅳ.  1． B is are   2． A did was doing  3． C better best  4． A What What a 5． C that what

Ⅴ.  1． looking  2． Sorry  3． way  4． along  5． take  6． right 7． bridge  8． left 9． end 10． hospital

提高能力测试

Ⅰ.  1． how to get to 2． watching…also seeing  3． are showing interest in  4． to learn the …of  5． both  kind and

Ⅱ. 1． C  2． B   3． A   4． B   5． A

Ⅲ.  1． A  2． B  3． C  4． D   5． A  6． D  7． C   8． A  9． C  10． B  11． B  12． D  13． A  14． D  15． C

Ⅳ. 1． D   2． C   3． B   4． A   5． B

Ⅴ. China is developing quickly. Every day thousands of tourists come to visit it, so we should act well to show that both the country and its people are lovely. In order to be lovely Chinese, we should always be ready to help others. We shouldn’t speak loudly in public places or throw litter on the ground. I want to be a lovely Chinese. I am now studying hard and getting ready for the future.

责编：陈喆